---
title: 使用方法
description: "```"
url: https://www.hikunpeng.com/document/detail/zh/kunpengdevps/compilation/ug-bisheng/kunpengbisheng_30_0031.html
sourcePath: /source/zh/kunpengdevps/compilation/ug-bisheng/kunpengbisheng_30_0031.html
indexId: 61f39de00e99b0563c4627620d6d3eab478bb3820e5c5b15e65ce60d7e4d5a1b74
---
# 使用方法

#### c++用例

```
% cat example_UseAfterFree.cc
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    int *array = new int[100];
    delete [] array;
    return array[argc]; // BOOM
}
# Compile and run 
% clang++ -O0 -g -fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer example_UseAfterFree.cc && ./a.out
```

以BiShengCompiler-3.2.0.1为例，编译该用例并执行可以获得如下错误报告：

第一部分（ERROR）指出错误类型heap-use-after-free

第二部分（READ）给出堆栈的详细信息，编译时添加-g后可以在堆栈中显示文件、行号与函数，如下第一段指出了第4行return array时发现存在已被释放的指针数组，第二段指出被释放的位置，第三段指出该数组可能被分配的位置。

第三部分（SUMMARY）总结了报错的错误类型，源文件位置，行号，函数。

```
$ ./BiShengCompiler-3.2.0.1-aarch64-linux/bin/clang++ -O0 -g -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fsanitize=address example_UseAfterFree.cc && ./a.out 
=================================================================
==22191==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-use-after-free on address 0xffffbdb03e44 at pc 0xaaaaaabb2148 bp 0xffffffffe680 sp 0xffffffffe698
READ of size 4 at 0xffffbdb03e44 thread T0
    #0 0xaaaaaabb2144 in main /home/sanitizer/exampel_UseAfterFree.cc:4:9
    #1 0xffffbf1c6be8 in __libc_start_main (/lib64/libc.so.6+0x20be8) (BuildId: 3959699449911333fc3fd20bc7adb8c585c50e4c)
    #2 0xaaaaaaad33d4 in _start (/home/sanitizer/a.out+0x293d4)

0xffffbdb03e44 is located 4 bytes inside of 400-byte region [0xffffbdb03e40,0xffffbdb03fd0)
freed by thread T0 here:
    #0 0xaaaaaabaf9cc in operator delete[](void*) /usr1/llvm-project/compiler-rt/lib/asan/asan_new_delete.cpp:155
    #1 0xaaaaaabb20b4 in main /home/sanitizer/exampel_UseAfterFree.cc:3:2
    #2 0xffffbf1c6be8 in __libc_start_main (/lib64/libc.so.6+0x20be8) (BuildId: 3959699449911333fc3fd20bc7adb8c585c50e4c)
    #3 0xaaaaaaad33d4 in _start (/home/sanitizer/a.out+0x293d4)

previously allocated by thread T0 here:
    #0 0xaaaaaabaf0cc in operator new[](unsigned long) /usr1/llvm-project/compiler-rt/lib/asan/asan_new_delete.cpp:98
    #1 0xaaaaaabb205c in main /home/sanitizer/exampel_UseAfterFree.cc:2:15
    #2 0xffffbf1c6be8 in __libc_start_main (/lib64/libc.so.6+0x20be8) (BuildId: 3959699449911333fc3fd20bc7adb8c585c50e4c)
    #3 0xaaaaaaad33d4 in _start (/home/sanitizer/a.out+0x293d4)

SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: heap-use-after-free /home/user/sanitizer/exampel_UseAfterFree.cc:13:9 in main
```


#### fortran用例

```
%cat test.f90
program test
    type entry
        integer(1) :: value = 1
        integer(1) :: index = 1
        type(entry),allocatable :: ty1
    end type entry

    type(entry), allocatable :: ty1
    allocate(ty1)
    allocate(ty1%ty1)
    ty1 = entry(1 , 1, entry(2, 2, null()))
    print *, ty1%ty1%value
end program

%command and run
% flang -g -fsanitize=address test.f90 && ./a.out
```

执行后得到如下报告，与c++用例相似，报告显示这个用例多次内存泄漏，原因为分配空间的类型变量未释放

```
2

=================================================================
==130459==ERROR: LeakSanitizer: detected memory leaks

Direct leak of 16 byte(s) in 1 object(s) allocated from:
    #0 0x4cf9c8 in malloc /usr1/llvm-project/compiler-rt/lib/asan/asan_malloc_linux.cpp:69:3
    #1 0xffffaacd638c in bs_f90_calloc04a_i8 (/home/sanitizer/BiShengCompiler-5.1.0-aarch64-linux/lib/libflang.so+0x29038c)
    #2 0x50c820 in MAIN_ /home/user/dts/test.f90:9:1
    #3 0xffffaa62ebe8 in __libc_start_main (/lib64/libc.so.6+0x20be8) (BuildId: 3959699449911333fc3fd20bc7adb8c585c50e4c)
    #4 0x42f3ec in _start (/home/user/dts/a.out+0x42f3ec)

Indirect leak of 16 byte(s) in 1 object(s) allocated from:
    #0 0x4cf9c8 in malloc /usr1/llvm-project/compiler-rt/lib/asan/asan_malloc_linux.cpp:69:3
    #1 0xffffaacd638c in bs_f90_calloc04a_i8 (/home/sanitizer/BiShengCompiler-5.1.0-aarch64-linux/lib/libflang.so+0x29038c)
    #2 0x50c890 in MAIN_ /home/user/dts/test.f90:10:1
    #3 0xffffaa62ebe8 in __libc_start_main (/lib64/libc.so.6+0x20be8) (BuildId: 3959699449911333fc3fd20bc7adb8c585c50e4c)
    #4 0x42f3ec in _start (/home/user/dts/a.out+0x42f3ec)

SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: 32 byte(s) leaked in 2 allocation(s).
```