JDBC Programming Guidelines for Java Project Development

Java database connectivity (JDBC) is an API used to execute SQL statements. It consists of a group of classes and interfaces written in Java. It provides unified access to a variety of relational databases, serving as a foundation for building more advanced tools and interfaces. This enables database developers to write database applications that achieve standard-oriented goals while providing interfaces that are simple, strictly defined, and high-performance. The JDBC programming guidelines are as follows:

1. Load the JDBC driver and register the driver.

   Oracle database:

   Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");

   MySQL database:

   Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

2. Use DriverManager to establish a database connection.

   Mysql:   String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/tarena";
   
   Oracle:  String url = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:tarena";
   
   String name="root";
   
   String pwd ="root";
   
            Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,name,pwd);

3. Obtain a Statement object.

   Statement sta = conn.createStatement();
   
   PreparedStatement pstm = conn.prepareStatement();

4. Execute SQL statements via Statement.

   For SELECT statements, the method returns a query result set.

   ResultSet rs = sta.executeQuery(String sql);

   For INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements, the method returns an integer value representing the number of affected records.

   int I = sta.executeUpdate(String sql);

5. Operate the result set returned by the SQL statements.

                     while(rs.next()){
   
   System.out.println(rs.getString("name"));
   
   //------------------
   
   }

6. Call the .close() method to close the database connection and release resources.
   This step involves calling the close() method of ResultSet, Statement, and Connection.

   rs.close();              sta.close();                con.close();