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Compiling and Installing the Kernel

The operations vary according to the OS. Unless otherwise specified, the operations are the same in the two OSs.

Obtaining the Kernel Source Code

  1. Create a directory and go to the directory.
    1
2
    		 
    mkdir -p /home/kernel-bcache
cd /home/kernel-bcache
  2. Download the kernel source package to the /home/kernel-bcache directory.
  3. Decompress the source package.
    • CentOS 7.6 
      1
2
      		 
      rpm2cpio kernel-alt-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.src.rpm | cpio -divm
tar -xvf linux-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.tar.xz
    • openEuler 20.03 
      1
2
      		 
      rpm2cpio kernel-4.19.90-2012.4.0.0053.oe1.src.rpm | cpio -divm
tar -zxvf kernel.tar.gz
  4. Configure the image source. (Perform this step only for openEuler 20.03. Skip this step for CentOS 7.6.)
    1. Use an SFTP tool to upload the openEuler-***-everything-aarch64-dvd.iso package to the /root directory on the server.
    2. Create a local directory to mount the image. 
      1
      		 
      mkdir -p /iso
    3. Mount the ISO file to the local directory. 
      1
      		 
      mount /root/openEuler-***-everything-aarch64-dvd.iso /iso
    4. Create a Yum source for the image. 
      1
      		 
      vi /etc/yum.repos.d/openEuler.repo
      Add the following information to the file: 
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      [Base]
name=Base
baseurl=file:///iso
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
priority=1

[openEuler-source]
name=openEuler-source
baseurl=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-20.03-LTS-SP1/source/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-20.03-LTS-SP1/source/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler

[openEuler-os]
name=openEuler-os
baseurl=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-20.03-LTS-SP1/OS/aarch64/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-20.03-LTS-SP1/OS/aarch64/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler

[openEuler-everything]
name=openEuler-everything
baseurl=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-20.03-LTS-SP1/everything/aarch64/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-20.03-LTS-SP1/everything/aarch64/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler

[openEuler-EPOL]
name=openEuler-epol
baseurl=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-20.03-LTS-SP1/EPOL/aarch64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

[openEuler-update]
name=openEuler-update
baseurl=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-20.03-LTS-SP1/update/aarch64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
  5. Install the dependencies.
    • CentOS 7.6 
      1
      		 
      yum -y install rpm-build m4 gcc xmlto asciidoc openssl-devel hmaccalc python-devel newt-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed elfutils-devel zlib-devel binutils-devel bison audit-libs-devel java-devel numactl-devel pciutils-devel ncurses-devel createrepo genisoimage net-tools git bc
    • openEuler 20.03 
      1
      		 
      dnf -y install ncurses-devel bison m4 flex rpm-build rpmdevtools asciidoc audit-libs-devel binutils-devel elfutils-devel elfutils-libelf-devel gtk2-devel java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel xz-devel libbabeltrace-devel libunwind-devel newt-devel numactl-devel openssl-devel pciutils-devel perl-generators python3-devel python3-docutils xmlto zlib-devel createrepo genisoimage

Replacing the Bcache Module

  1. Obtain the bcache source code and save it to /home.

    Download address: https://github.com/kunpengcompute/bcache/releases/tag/swc-v0.2.0

  2. Decompress the source package.
    • CentOS 7.6 
      1
2
      		 
      cd /home
unzip bcache-swc-v0.2.0.zip
    • openEuler 20.03
      unzip openeuler-kernel-openEuler-1.0-LTS.zip
  3. Replace the bcache.
    • CentOS 7.6 
      1
      		 
      cp -rf /home/bcache-swc-v0.2.0/drivers/md/bcache /home/kernel-bcache/linux-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a/drivers/md/
    • openEuler 20.03 
      1
      		 
      cp -rf /home/kernel/drivers/md/bcache /home/kernel-bcache/kernel/drivers/md/

Modifying the Kernel Configuration

  1. Obtain the kernel configuration file.
    • CentOS 7.6 
      1
2
      		 
      cd /home/kernel-bcache/linux-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a
cp ../kernel-alt-4.14.0-aarch64.config .config
    • openEuler 20.03 
      1
2
      		 
      cd /home/kernel-bcache/kernel
cp arch/arm64/configs/openeuler_defconfig .config
  2. Configure the bcache module.
    1
    		 
    make menuconfig
    1. Choose Device Drivers.

    2. Press Enter to access the next-level menu, and then choose Multiple device driver support (RAID and LVM).

    3. Press Enter to access the next-level menu, choose Block device as cache, and press M to select the configuration.

    4. Click Exit twice to return to the first-level menu.

  3. Change the kernel page size to 4 KB.
    1. Choose Kernel Features.

    2. Press Enter to access the next-level menu, and choose Page size (64 KB).

    3. Press Enter to access the next-level menu, and press Space to choose 4 KB.

    4. Click Exit twice to save the setting and exit.

  4. Modify the configuration file. (Perform this step only for CentOS 7.6. Skip this step for openEuler 20.03.)
    1
    		 
    vi .config

    Add #aarm64 to the first line.

  5. Verify the configuration file.
    1. Ensure that the bcache module is enabled.

    2. Ensure that the page size is 4 KB.

  6. Overwrite the default configuration file.
    • CentOS 7.6 
      1
      		 
      cp .config ../kernel-alt-4.14.0-aarch64.config

      Type Y.

    • openEuler 20.03 
      1
      		 
      cp .config arch/arm64/configs/openeuler_defconfig

      Type Y.

Creating a Kernel RPM Package

  1. Repack the kernel source code.
    • CentOS 7.6 
      1
2
3
4
      		 
      cd /home/kernel-bcache
tar -cvf linux-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.tar linux-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a
rm -f linux-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.tar.xz
xz -z linux-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.tar
    • openEuler 20.03 
      1
2
      		 
      cd /home/kernel-bcache
tar -zcvf kernel.tar.gz kernel
  2. Create an rpmbuild directory.
    1
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    mkdir -p /home/rpmbuild
cd /home/rpmbuild
mkdir -p BUILD  RPMS  SOURCES  SPECS  SRPMS
  3. Change the default rpmbuild path.
    1
    		 
    vi /root/.rpmmacros

    Add the following information:

    1
    		 
    %_topdir /home/rpmbuild
  4. Copy the files to the rpmbuild directory.
    • CentOS 7.6 
      1
2
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      cp -r /home/kernel-bcache/* SOURCES/
cp /home/kernel-bcache/kernel-alt.spec SPECS/
rm -rf SOURCES/linux-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a
    • openEuler 20.03 
      1
2
3
      		 
      cp -r /home/kernel-bcache/* SOURCES/
cp /home/kernel-bcache/kernel.spec SPECS/
rm -rf SOURCES/kernel
  5. Update the kernel patch. (Perform this step only for CentOS 7.6. Skip this step for openEuler 20.03.)
    1
    		 
    rpmbuild -bp /home/rpmbuild/SPECS/kernel-alt.spec
  6. Compile and create a kernel RPM package.
    • CentOS 7.6 
      1
      		 
      rpmbuild -bb /home/rpmbuild/SPECS/kernel-alt.spec --with baseonly --without debug --without debuginfo

      Checking for unpackaged file(s): /usr/lib/rpm/check-files /home/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/kernel-alt-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.aarch64
Wrote: /home/rpmbuild/RPMS/aarch64/kernel-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.aarch64.rpm
Wrote: /home/rpmbuild/RPMS/aarch64/kernel-headers-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.aarch64.rpm
Wrote: /home/rpmbuild/RPMS/aarch64/perf-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.aarch64.rpm
Wrote: /home/rpmbuild/RPMS/aarch64/python-perf-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.aarch64.rpm
Wrote: /home/rpmbuild/RPMS/aarch64/kernel-tools-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.aarch64.rpm
Wrote: /home/rpmbuild/RPMS/aarch64/kernel-tools-libs-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.aarch64.rpm
Wrote: /home/rpmbuild/RPMS/aarch64/kernel-tools-libs-devel-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.aarch64.rpm
Wrote: /home/rpmbuild/RPMS/aarch64/kernel-devel-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.aarch64.rpm
Executing(%clean): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.4Lfz8M
+ umask 022
+ cd /home/rpmbuild/BUILD
+ cd kernel-alt-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a
+ rm -rf /home/rpmbuild/BUILDROOT/kernel-alt-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.aarch64
+ exit 0
    • openEuler 20.03 
      1
      		 
      vi /usr/lib/rpm/macros

      Change %_unpackaged_files_terminate_build 1 to %_unpackaged_files_terminate_build 0.

      1
      		 
      rpmbuild -bb /home/rpmbuild/SPECS/kernel.spec --with baseonly --without debug --without debuginfo
  7. View the generated kernel RPM package.
    ls /home/rpmbuild/RPMS/aarch64/

Installing the Kernel

  1. Upload the kernel RPM package generated in Creating a Kernel RPM Package to the /home/kernel-rpm directory of each server that requires the smart write cache service.
    1
    		 
    mkdir -p /home/kernel-rpm
  2. Install the kernel RPM package.
    • CentOS 7.6 
      1
2
      		 
      cd /home/kernel-rpm
yum -y install kernel-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.aarch64.rpm kernel-devel-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.aarch64.rpm kernel-headers-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.aarch64.rpm
    • openEuler 20.03 
      1
2
      		 
      cd /home/kernel-rpm
dnf -y install kernel-4.19.90-2012.4.0.0053.aarch64.rpm kernel-devel-4.19.90-2012.4.0.0053.aarch64.rpm
  3. Check the default kernel startup items.
    1
    		 
    grub2-editenv list

    Check the default kernel version number.

    • If the default version is the newly installed kernel version, skip step 4.
    • Otherwise, go to step 4.
  4. Modify the default kernel startup items.
    • CentOS 7.6 
      1
      		 
      cat /etc/grub2-efi.cfg  | grep CentOS

      In the preceding information, CentOS Linux (4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.aarch64) 7 (AltArch) indicates the newly installed kernel version.

      grub2-set-default "CentOS Linux (4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.aarch64) 7 (AltArch)"
    • openEuler 20.03 
      1
      		 
      cat /etc/grub2-efi.cfg  | grep openEuler

      In the preceding information, openEuler (4.19.90-2012.4.0.0053.aarch64) 20.03 (LTS-SP1) indicates the newly installed kernel.

      grub2-set-default "openEuler (4.19.90-2012.4.0.0053.aarch64) 20.03 (LTS-SP1)"
  5. Restart the system.
    1
    		 
    reboot
Parent topic: Installing the Bcache