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Compiling and Installing the Kernel

The operations vary according to the OS. Unless otherwise specified, the operations are the same on the two OSs.

CentOS 7.6

  1. Create a directory and go to the directory.
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    mkdir -p /home/kernel-bcache
cd /home/kernel-bcache
  2. Obtain the kernel source code.
    1. Run the following command to check the kernel version: 
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      uname -a

      The queried kernel version is as follows:

      Linux ceph3 4.14.0-115.el7a.0.1.aarch64 #1 SMP Sun Nov 25 20:54:21 UTC 2018 aarch64 aarch64 aarch64 GNU/Linux
    2. Download the kernel source package of the matching version to the /home/kernel-bcache directory.

      Package:

    3. Decompress the source package. 
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      rpm2cpio kernel-alt-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.src.rpm | cpio -divm
tar -xvf linux-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.tar.xz
  3. Install the dependencies.
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    yum -y install rpm-build m4 gcc xmlto asciidoc openssl-devel hmaccalc python-devel newt-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed elfutils-devel zlib-devel binutils-devel bison audit-libs-devel java-devel numactl-devel pciutils-devel ncurses-devel createrepo genisoimage net-tools git bc
  4. Replace the bcache module.
    1. Obtain the bcache source code and save it to /home.
    2. Decompress the source package. 
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      cd /home
unzip bcache-smart-write-cache.zip
    3. Replace the bcache module. 
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      cp -rf /home/bcache-smart-write-cache/drivers/md/bcache /home/kernel-bcache/linux-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a/drivers/md/
  5. Obtain the kernel configuration file.
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    cd /home/kernel-bcache/linux-4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a
cp ../kernel-alt-4.14.0-aarch64.config .config
  6. Configure the bcache module.
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    make menuconfig
    1. Choose Device Drivers.

    2. Press Enter to access the next-level menu, and then choose Multiple device driver support (RAID and LVM).

    3. Press Enter to access the next-level menu, choose Block device as cache, and press M to select the configuration.

    4. Click Exit twice to return to the first-level menu.

  7. Change the kernel page size to 4KB.
    1. Choose Kernel Features.

    2. Press Enter to access the next-level menu, and choose Page size (64KB).

    3. Press Enter to access the next-level menu, and press the space button to choose 4KB.

    4. Click Exit twice to save the setting and exit.

  8. Modify the configuration file.
    1. Open the following file: 
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      vi .config
    2. Find the CONFIG_BCACHE field in the configuration file. If the value is CONFIG_BCACHE=m, the bcache module is enabled.

    3. Find the CONFIG_ARM64_4K_PAGES field in the configuration file. If the value is CONFIG_ARM64_4K_PAGES=y, the page size is 4 KB.

    4. Type :wq! and press Enter to save and exit the file.
  9. Overwrite the default configuration file with the configuration file modified in step 8.
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    cp .config ../kernel-alt-4.14.0-aarch64.config
  10. Type y.
  11. Run the following commands to generate an RPM package. After that, the RPM package is generated in /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/aarch64/.
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    make binrpm-pkg -j48
make rpm-pkg -j
  12. Upload the kernel RPM package generated in step 11 to the /home/kernel-rpm directory of each server that requires the smart write cache service.
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    mkdir -p /home/kernel-rpm
cp  /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/aarch64/* /home/kernel-rpm
  13. Install the kernel RPM package.
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    cd /home/kernel-rpm
yum -y install kernel-4.14.0-1.aarch64.rpm  kernel-devel-4.14.0-1.aarch64.rpm  kernel-headers-4.14.0-1.aarch64.rpm
  14. Check the versions of all kernels installed in the system.
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    cat /etc/grub2-efi.cfg  | grep CentOS

  15. Check the default kernel startup item.
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    grub2-editenv list
    • If the default version is the newly installed kernel version CentOS Linux (4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.aarch64) 7 (AltArch), go to step 17.
    • Otherwise, go to step 16 and then step 17.
  16. Modify the default kernel startup item. In the command, CentOS Linux (4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.aarch64) 7 (AltArch) indicates the version of the newly installed kernel.
    grub2-set-default "CentOS Linux (4.14.0-115.10.1.el7a.aarch64) 7 (AltArch)"
  17. Reboot the system.
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    reboot

openEuler 20.03

  1. Create a directory and go to the directory.
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    mkdir -p /home/kernel-bcache
cd /home/kernel-bcache
  2. Obtain the kernel source code.
    1. Check the system kernel version. 
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      uname -a

      The queried kernel version is as follows:

      Linux localhost.localdomain 4.19.90-2109.1.0.0108.oe1.aarch64 #1 SMP Mon Sep 6 03:51:48 UTC 2021 aarch64 aarch64 aarch64 GNU/Linux
    2. Download the kernel source package of the matching version to the /home/kernel-bcache directory.

    3. Decompress the source package. 
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      rpm2cpio kernel-4.19.90-2109.1.0.0108.oe1.src.rpm | cpio -divm
tar -zxvf kernel.tar.gz
  3. Configure the image source.
    1. Use the SFTP tool to upload the openEuler-***-everything-aarch64-dvd.iso image source file of the corresponding OS to the /root directory on the server.
    2. Create a local directory to mount the image.

      In this example, an iso directory is created in the root directory for mounting the local image.

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      mkdir -p /iso
    3. Mount the ISO file to the local directory. 
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      mount /root/openEuler-***-everything-aarch64-dvd.iso /iso
    4. Create a Yum source for the image and configure the source.
      1. Create a .repo file. 
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        vi /etc/yum.repos.d/openEuler.repo
      2. Press i to enter the insert mode and add the following content to the file to mount the Yum source: 
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        [Base]
name=Base
baseurl=file:///iso
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
priority=1
      3. Add the following content to configure the openEuler network source: 
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        [openEuler-source]
name=openEuler-source
baseurl=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-20.03-LTS/source/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-20.03-LTS/source/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler

[openEuler-os]
name=openEuler-os
baseurl=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-20.03-LTS/OS/aarch64/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-20.03-LTS/OS/aarch64/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler

[openEuler-everything]
name=openEuler-everything
baseurl=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-20.03-LTS/everything/aarch64/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-20.03-LTS/everything/aarch64/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler

[openEuler-EPOL]
name=openEuler-epol
baseurl=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-20.03-LTS/EPOL/aarch64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

[openEuler-update]
name=openEuler-update
baseurl=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-20.03-LTS/update/aarch64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
      4. Press Esc to exit the insert mode. Type :wq! and press Enter to save and exit the file.
  4. Install the dependencies.
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    dnf -y install ncurses-devel bison m4 flex rpm-build rpmdevtools asciidoc audit-libs-devel binutils-devel elfutils-devel elfutils-libelf-devel gtk2-devel java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel xz-devel libbabeltrace-devel libunwind-devel newt-devel numactl-devel openssl-devel pciutils-devel perl-generators python3-devel python3-docutils xmlto zlib-devel createrepo genisoimage
  5. Replace the bcache module.
    1. Obtain the bcache source code and save it to /home.
    2. Decompress the source package. 
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      cd /home
unzip kernel-openEuler-1.0-LTS.zip
    3. Replace the bcache module. 
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      \cp -rf /home/kernel-openEuler-1.0-LTS/drivers/md/bcache /home/kernel-bcache/kernel/drivers/md/
  6. Obtain the kernel configuration file.
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    cd /home/kernel-bcache/kernel
cp arch/arm64/configs/openeuler_defconfig .config
  7. Configure the bcache module.
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    make menuconfig
    1. Choose Device Drivers.

    2. Press Enter to access the next-level menu, and then choose Multiple device driver support (RAID and LVM).

    3. Press Enter to access the next-level menu, choose Block device as cache, and press M to select the configuration.

    4. Click Exit twice to return to the first-level menu.

  8. Change the kernel page size to 4KB.
    1. Choose Kernel Features.

    2. Press Enter to access the next-level menu, and choose Page size (64KB).

    3. Press Enter to access the next-level menu, and press the space button to choose 4KB.

    4. Click Exit twice to save the setting and exit.

  9. Verify the configuration file.
    1. Open the following file: 
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      vi .config
    2. Find the CONFIG_BCACHE field in the configuration file. If the value is CONFIG_BCACHE=m, the bcache module is enabled.

    3. Find the CONFIG_ARM64_4K_PAGES field in the configuration file. If the value is CONFIG_ARM64_4K_PAGES=y, the page size is 4 KB.

    4. Press Esc, type :wq!, and press Enter to exit the file.
  10. Overwrite the default configuration file.
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    cp .config arch/arm64/configs/openeuler_defconfig
  11. Type y.
  12. Run the following commands to generate an RPM package in the /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/aarch64/ directory:
    yum install bc -y
make binrpm-pkg -j48
make rpm-pkg -j48
  13. Upload the kernel RPM package generated in step 12 to the /home/kernel-rpm directory of each server that requires the smart write cache service.
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    mkdir -p /home/kernel-rpm
cp  /root/rpmbuild/RPMS/aarch64/* /home/kernel-rpm
  14. Install the kernel RPM package.
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    cd /home/kernel-rpm
dnf -y install kernel-*.rpm
  15. Check the default kernel startup item.
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    grub2-editenv list

    Check the default kernel version.

    • If the default version is the newly installed kernel version, skip step 16.
    • Otherwise, go to step 16.
  16. Modify the default kernel startup item.
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    cat /etc/grub2-efi.cfg  | grep openEuler

    In the preceding figure, openEuler (4.19.90-2109.1.0.0108.oe1.aarch64) 20.03 (LTS-SP1) indicates the newly installed kernel version.

    grub2-set-default "openEuler (4.19.90-2109.1.0.0108.oe1.aarch64) 20.03 (LTS-SP1)"
  17. Reboot the system.
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    reboot
Parent topic: Installing the Bcache